He can also transfer to Singapore and book through them for less miles (I'm assuming he's flying Y due to the dates listed and availability showing).
Blonde Moment there (not to self, don't post on the forums after 24 hours no sleep)
Fly on airlines that Aeroplan doesn't impose fuel surcharges (avoid Lufthansa, Thai, Austrian etc.).
Yes, Use them for UA, LX, SK, SA, TK, BR, NZ etc.