There are only 2 possible outcomes and each can have multiple causes.
But again, a theory with predictive value is worth something. When enough evidence accumulates in support of or in denial of that theory, it then becomes a fact.
When someone postulates a theory (Sweden won’t be hit hard, Sweden will avoid a second wave, Sweden won’t be hurt economically, Denmark’s lockdown won’t help anyway) and then their theory is proven false, they can’t then pivot to a *contradictory* retrospective theory to fit their pre-bias. That’s laughably illogical, *even* if technically it can be true (though we certainly have seen no evidence of it). When someone postulates a theory (Sweden will suffer more deaths, Denmark will avoid being hit as hard) and is proven correct, their theory now holds more weight and is well on the way toward being considered factual.