Here is the first plausible hypothesis I saw as to why waves end (there is no kind of herd immunity anywhere).
In short, the idea is that average R is driven by a few super spreaders, say, 10%. However, as the wave progresses, the growth of regular cases outpaces the super spreaders, diluting them from 10% to 5%, which in turn reduces the entire R below 1.
It is possible Delta is more concentrated in fewer superspreaders, hence waves peak earlier.
One explanation why there are more superspreaders in the beginning is because it starts by people who have many contacts and go out a lot, who constitute a large portion of the total cases, but eventually it hits people who are staying at home, lowering the average rate of contacts and transmission.
@biobook would love your opinion if I understood these threads correctly.
https://twitter.com/whiterabbitwb/status/1425670091941634051
In short, waves end because the supply of superspreaders is exhausted. It would seem they begin again when there are more.
Either some biological process we don’t understand (low level immunity from exposure that isn’t detected and wanes quickly?), or behavioral.
If it’s purely behavioral, the wave is dominated by 5-10% of cases who are superspreaders, every 1% of the population that drops caution to the wind after a few months joins the pool of potential superspreaders and translates to 10% increase in superspreaders and overall cases.
If 5% of the population switch from covid cautious to life as normal (something I essentially did), you suddenly have 50% increase, and if 10% become less cautious, you have 100% more superspreaders and a new wave… so it would actually be true to say vaccines caused the wave (by generating excessive confidence and creating many more superspreaders).
I’m too tired to write it up clearly but I think this makes sense.