Ok I think it's getting more clear.
The perp had a business/investment which needed cash. He knew that he wouldn't be approved for a large cash advance, so instead he opened a couple merchant accounts to run his (and others'?) credit cards to convert to cash. This is illegal because of credit card factoring.
He then defaulted on the CCs (whether premeditated or not, probably irrelevant) causing Amex a sizable loss. Amex then referred him for criminal charges after discovering what occurred.
If correct, clearly not an MS play (for points), but definitely lessons can be learned.