Is there any book you guys recommend where I can learn more about all the different career paths one can take as a lawyer, as well as learn more about what the different types of lawyers do on a daily basis at work?
I've never heard of any, and frankly would not trust any book that purported to do so.
Re the career paths: You'll find a lot of lawyers doing things other than practicing law, and while often their legal career led to that job, it can hardly be called a "career track" since it would not be very possible to set out to do that from the first place.
Re what they do on daily basis: The best way to find that out is to ask various lawyers what they do. You can ask us.
Here's what I did on Friday (only the things that took more than a few minutes):
Made a chart of the tax terms of a private equity fund for a potential investor.
Spoke to tax counsel at a potential target company about their tax structuring.
Spoke to client's accountants about a certain FATCA arrangement we had recommended.
Drafted templates for 83(b) elections for a private equity client that is giving equity interests to certain employees.
Emailed with the litigation team in a Tax Court litigation about their comments to a brief I had revised.