Just out of curiosity. When did you check in for the flight? Online well in advance or at the airport?
The reason why I ask is that airlines have the right to "commandeer" seats at their discretion if a passenger has not checked in 45 minutes before the flight (I'm not sure if it's still 45 minutes but I'm pretty sure that's the standard for AA, or at least it used to be). Seeing that you mentioned you were at the gate 25 minutes before your flight the question becomes, when did you actually check in. If it was with less than 45 minutes before your flight than you may actually be out of luck. As much as it sucks that you were terribly inconvenienced before Yom Kippur, the airline industry doesn't care about what holiday you celebrate or anybody celebrates nor will they compensate you accordingly. If however, they took your seat and you were already properly checked in whether online or at the airport well ahead of the preset time limit then what they did may in fact be in contravention of your rights as a passenger and you would therefore be entitled to compensation, based on US law, however it's a preset amount and it will be highly unlikely that you will have your cab and hotel compensated for.
BTW, why did you take a cab from PHL to NYC? It would have been significantly cheaper to have rented a car but I guess thats a whole other issue altogether.