I've heard of other people in a similar situation to what you are describing, and I've seen many that had it differently. IDK all the facts one way or the other, but I would suspect that if things are done in a prudent way, you should not get into trouble when you transition from Medicaid eligibility to being non-eligible if you play your cards right.
Did you ever notify them that you are no longer eligible, or did you wait for them to "catch" you.
When you have an s-corp, you don't really know how much money you made until you get your K-1. You do know how much you got in payroll.
I didn't even argue with them, because my case was not far away to being given over to the DA which of course is HEADACHES to say the least. I was happy that they wanted MONEY.
They claim that a C corp is not your money, but an S corp. you can;t wait until you file your K-1, it's YOUR funds, you have access to it. Of course you can maybe argue in court otherwise and a judge may side with you, but it's NOT worth it.
I would ask one of your local Jewish social service offices. My story was in 2013.
They are very nice, they ONLY need the money they paid back :-) With food stamps for example ( which I didn't take at that time) you at least had this money and spent it. With Medicaid, when they pay your premium of $1,000/month, you have ZERO out of it, it's not like money you had.