IME disputing rental cars in Israel isn't a hassle at all.
To finish up my story, I did dispute with Chase, but they were no help at all. I showed them the quote from Hertz but they said that since Hertz put the extra charges under "additional charges" the original quote doesn't disprove that.
Chase put no effort at all into trying to ask what the mysterious extra charges were.
In the end the agent kept at it and Hertz refunded as per the quote.
Still, my original point was not to assume Hertz Israel is giving you the quoted fee, especially since there is no printout anymore, need to check your email contract.